Goiter is a condition characterized by the abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, located at the base of the neck. It commonly develops due to iodine deficiency, hormonal imbalances, or autoimmune disorders like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Women are more likely to develop goiter than men, largely because hormonal fluctuations related to menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause can affect thyroid function. When someone has a goiter, they may or may not feel physical discomfort; in some cases, it causes a visible swelling in the neck, difficulty swallowing or breathing, fatigue, and weight changes. More subtly, individuals may also experience mood swings, irritability, or feelings of depression due to the thyroid’s influence on hormones that regulate mood and energy. While not all goiters are painful or dangerous, they can impact both physical and emotional well-being if left untreated.